Responses+to+High+and+Low+Fertility

In recent times there has been an increase in life expectancy in both developed and developing countries. This has come about as a result of:
 * AGEING POPULATION **
 * Improvement in hygiene and health education
 * Improvement in primary health care
 * a better diet, both in quality and quantity
 * advancement in medical knowledge and techniques by which diseases are now treated.

Definition: Ageing is a process whereby there is an increase in life expectancy together with falling death rate, resulting in an increase in the proportion of the people above 65years. Countries such as Japan and several others in Western Europe have had over 16% of their population aged over 65. It estimated that by 2020 this will reach 35% in some countries as Japan and Italy.

//Problems of an ageing population to the country://
 * Increase in the amount of money spent on
 * residential accommodation,
 * social services,
 * health care, and
 * subsidies.
 * An increase in the amount of family budget spent on the aged
 * Increase in long-term diseases and those that make some home-bound. Eg. Parkinson’s disease
 * Increase in the dependency ratio upon a small working population.
 * Less money available for meeting the needs of younger population. Eg. Education, transport, social amenities

// Problems of an ageing population to the elderly: //
 * Many have to live alone, esp. women
 * Most cannot rent accommodation of their own. others may have to sell their home or using their life savings to cater for themselves.
 * Those who are strong and willing to work often face biases and prejudice due to their age.

Case study of Ageing Population Italy China Japan

Japan's Ageing Population

**Youthful Population**
This refers to a population structure in which there are usually a large proportion of young people in a country within the age range of 0 and 15 years.This is caused by;


 * Lack of family planning methods
 * Many children being seen as a sign of virility
 * A high infant mortality rate leading to mothers giving birth multiple times to increase the chance of some children surviving.


 * =====Large potential workforce=====
 * =====Investment in the economy=====
 * =====Increase in the quality of healthcare and services=====
 * =====Investment in primary education=====
 * =====The vibrant ideas of the young serve as a source of new innovations and ideas=====
 * =====Large potential market for selected goods=====


 * =====Cost of supporting schools and clinics=====
 * =====Need to provide sufficient food housing and water to a growing population eg;Rocinca, Rio de Janeiro=====
 * =====High rates of unemployment=====
 * =====Large numbers living in poor quality housing=====
 * =====High crime rates=====
 * =====High rates of population growth=====

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The video above by the A level revision site albeit, for a lower level contains some very vital points pertaining to the youthful population.
Courtesy:Nadia Ewoenam Afua Baye IB1B, SOS-Hermann Gmeiner International College